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汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一般(ban)有以(yi)(yi)下(xia)幾種：前(qian)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(FR)、前(qian)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(FF)、后(hou)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(RR)、中置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(MR)、四(si)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。所(suo)謂驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，是(shi)指(zhi)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)布(bu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)及驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)量、位置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。國內外大多數(shu)貨車(che)(che)(che)(含皮卡)、部分轎車(che)(che)(che)(尤其是(shi)高級轎車(che)(che)(che))和(he)部分客車(che)(che)(che)都(dou)(dou)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)前(qian)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)型式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，但(dan)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)該型式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小型車(che)(che)(che)很少。所(suo)謂全輪(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，又稱(cheng)四(si)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，是(shi)指(zhi)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)前(qian)后(hou)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)都(dou)(dou)有動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力。一般(ban)用(yong)(yong)(yong)4X4或4WD來表(biao)示，如果你看見一輛車(che)(che)(che)上標有上述字(zi)樣(yang)，那就表(biao)示該車(che)(che)(che)輛擁有4輪(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)。這(zhe)種總布(bu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，由(you)于(yu)全部車(che)(che)(che)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)都(dou)(dou)是(shi)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)，充分利用(yong)(yong)(yong)了(le)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全部附著質(zhi)量，因(yin)此汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)有較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力和(he)克(ke)服(fu)障(zhang)礙、防止打(da)滑(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)力。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)，越野汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)一般(ban)都(dou)(dou)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)這(zhe)種總布(bu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。而且，由(you)于(yu)全輪(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)有較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力，加速性好，20世紀80年代以(yi)(yi)來一些轎車(che)(che)(che)和(he)旅(lv)行(xing)轎車(che)(che)(che)也紛紛采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)全輪(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，成為所(suo)謂的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“多用(yong)(yong)(yong)途運動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)(che)（SUV）”，受到不少美國年輕人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)喜愛，形(xing)成了(le)'4WD'熱(re)潮。但(dan)是(shi)，全輪(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結構復雜(za)，成本高，在好路上行(xing)駛時燃料消(xiao)耗大，輪(lun)(lun)(lun)胎和(he)機件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磨損大。

適時(shi)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)適時(shi)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)介乎全時(shi)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)和(he)分(fen)時(shi)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)之間，驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)模(mo)式由電(dian)腦(nao)安排，操縱非常簡單(dan)。采用(yong)(yong)這種驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統的(de)(de)車輛(liang)時(shi)根據電(dian)腦(nao)來控制并且(qie)選(xuan)擇適合(he)當下情況(kuang)的(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)模(mo)式。在正常的(de)(de)路面上車輛(liang)一(yi)般(ban)會采用(yong)(yong)后輪驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)方式，而一(yi)旦遇到路面不良或驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)輪打(da)滑(hua)的(de)(de)情況(kuang)，電(dian)腦(nao)就(jiu)(jiu)會自動(dong)(dong)(dong)檢測并立(li)即將發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)輸出扭矩分(fen)配給前(qian)排的(de)(de)兩個車輪，自然(ran)切換(huan)到四(si)(si)輪驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)狀態，從而免除了(le)駕駛人(ren)的(de)(de)判斷和(he)手動(dong)(dong)(dong)操作，應用(yong)(yong)更加簡單(dan)。不過(guo)以(yi)目(mu)前(qian)的(de)(de)效果來看，電(dian)腦(nao)比(bi)起人(ren)腦(nao)速度還是(shi)慢(man)了(le)很多，也(ye)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)說(shuo)住(zhu)往不能及時(shi)進行(xing)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)模(mo)式的(de)(de)切換(huan)，反(fan)應較慢(man)。比(bi)如北京現代生產(chan)的(de)(de)途勝就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)采用(yong)(yong)適時(shi)四(si)(si)驅(qu)(qu)設計。

概(gai)述目前(qian)(qian)，2轎車的(de)(de)4輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)動(dong)裝置已經引進了(le)電子(zi)計算機控制系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)，當(dang)前(qian)(qian)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)或后(hou)(hou)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)動(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，車子(zi)隨時(shi)(shi)(shi)根據路面(mian)(mian)狀態(tai)的(de)(de)反饋信息分配前(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)子(zi)的(de)(de)動(dong)力(li)，變為4輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)動(dong)。4輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)動(dong)又可以細分成4種驅(qu)動(dong)模式(shi)：全(quan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)驅(qu)動(dong)（Full－Time）、分時(shi)(shi)(shi)驅(qu)動(dong)（Part-Time）、適時(shi)(shi)(shi)驅(qu)動(dong)（Real－Time）和(he)分時(shi)(shi)(shi)/適時(shi)(shi)(shi)混和(he)驅(qu)動(dong)。全(quan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)驅(qu)動(dong)全(quan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)驅(qu)動(dong)（Full－Time） 全(quan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)驅(qu)動(dong)的(de)(de)特點就是(shi)(shi)無(wu)論怎么樣，永遠都保持(chi)四輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)動(dong)模式(shi)，這種傳動(dong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)都是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)需要駕駛(shi)人選擇操作的(de)(de)。行駛(shi)的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)將發動(dong)機輸出扭(niu)矩按50∶50 設定(ding)在前(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)上(shang)，使前(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)排車輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)保持(chi)等量(liang)的(de)(de)扭(niu)矩，遇到特別路面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)候就可以自動(dong)將不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)扭(niu)距分配到各個(ge)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)子(zi)上(shang)面(mian)(mian)。全(quan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)驅(qu)動(dong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)具有良好的(de)(de)駕駛(shi)操控性和(he)行駛(shi)循跡性，不(bu)(bu)過缺點也是(shi)(shi)很明顯的(de)(de)，那就是(shi)(shi)比較(jiao)廢油，經濟性不(bu)(bu)夠(gou)好，而(er)且車輛沒有任何裝置來控制輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)胎(tai)轉速(su)的(de)(de)差異，一旦一個(ge)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)胎(tai)離(li)開地面(mian)(mian)就有可能讓你無(wu)法前(qian)(qian)進。